Basic requirements of biomedical materials
- Categories:Industry News
- Time of issue:2020-05-24 16:55
(Summary description)Biomedical materials refer to a class of materials with special properties and functions that are used for artificial organs, surgical repair, physical therapy and rehabilitation, diagnosis, and treat
Basic requirements of biomedical materials
(Summary description)Biomedical materials refer to a class of materials with special properties and functions that are used for artificial organs, surgical repair, physical therapy and rehabilitation, diagnosis, and treat
- Categories:Industry News
- Time of issue:2020-05-24 16:55
- Views:
Biomedical materials refer to a class of materials with special properties and functions that are used for artificial organs, surgical repair, physical therapy and rehabilitation, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases, without adversely affecting human tissue. Now various synthetic materials and natural polymer materials.
Biomedical materials refer to a class of materials with special properties and functions that are used for artificial organs, surgical repair, physical therapy and rehabilitation, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases, without adversely affecting human tissues. Now all kinds of synthetic materials and natural polymer materials, metal and alloy materials, ceramics and carbon materials, and various composite materials, their manufactured products have been widely used in clinical and scientific research.
Classification of biomedical materials
In general, clinical medicine has the following basic requirements for biomedical materials: non-toxic, non-carcinogenic, non-teratogenic, and does not cause sudden cell death and tissue cell reaction; good compatibility with human tissue, does not cause poisoning, Hemolysis, coagulation, fever and allergies; stable chemical properties, antibody liquid, blood and enzymes; physical and mechanical properties compatible with natural tissues; specific functions for different purposes.
According to material properties, biomedical materials can be roughly divided into the following types:
1. Biomedical Metallic Materials Biomedical Metallic Materials are metals or alloys used as biomedical materials. They have high mechanical strength and anti-fatigue properties. Artificial joints and artificial bones of alloy (Co-Cr-Ni), titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) and stainless steel. Nickel-titanium shape memory alloy has the intelligent characteristics of shape memory and can be used in orthopedic surgery and cardiovascular surgery.
2. Biomedical Polymer Materials Biomedical Polymers are available in both natural and synthetic forms, and the fastest growing are synthetic polymer medical materials. Through molecular design, many biomaterials with good physical mechanical properties and biocompatibility can be obtained. Among them, soft materials are often used as substitutes for human soft tissues such as blood vessels, esophagus, and knuckles; synthetic hard materials can be used as artificial dura mater, spherical valves for cage-shaped artificial heart valves, etc .; Silicone rubber can be used as an injection tissue repair material.
3. Biomedical inorganic non-metallic materials or bioceramics (Biomedical Ceramics) are chemically stable and have good biocompatibility. Bioceramics mainly include two categories: (1) inert bioceramics (such as alumina, medical carbon materials, etc.), which have high strength, good wear resistance, and strong bond strength in molecules. (2) Bioactive ceramics (such as hydroxyapatite and bioactive glass, etc.), these materials have the characteristics of being able to gradually degrade and absorb in the physiological environment, or form stable chemical bonds with the biological body, so they have extremely broad Prospects.
4. Biomedical Composites Biomedical Composites are biomedical materials composed of two or more different materials. They are mainly used to repair or replace human tissues, organs or enhance their functions and artificial organs. Manufacturing. Among them, titanium alloy and polyethylene tissue prostheses are often used as joint materials; carbon-titanium synthetic materials are artificial femoral heads with good clinical application; polymer materials can be combined with biopolymers (such as enzymes, anti-sources, antibodies, hormones, etc.) As a biosensor. 5. Biomedical Derived Materials (Biomedical Derived Materials) are biomedical materials formed by specially treated natural biological tissues. They are materials without biological vitality, but due to their similar structure and function to natural tissues, they It plays an important role in tissue repair and replacement, mainly used as skin masks, hemodialysis membranes, artificial heart valves, etc.
Main products in the global biomedical materials market
At present, there are mainly 20 types of biomedical materials used in medical devices (implanted devices, extracorporeal circulation systems, etc.), including 12 types of medical polymers, 4 types of metals, 2 types of ceramics, and 2 other types. Using existing biomedical materials, nearly 300 kinds of medical implants and artificial organs have been developed and applied, mainly including: heart and cardiovascular system (pacemaker, heart valve, artificial blood vessel, catheter and shunt, etc.); Orthopedic surgery (internal fixation instruments such as artificial joints, bone plates, bone screws, bone defect filling or restorations, spinal and spine fusion instruments, functional simulated neuromuscular and artificial articular cartilage, etc.); plastic surgery (cranial, maxillofacial, ear , Nose and other prostheses and artificial breasts, etc .; soft tissue repair (artificial urethra, artificial bladder and intestine, internal and external shunts, artificial trachea, sutures and tissue bonding repair materials, etc.); dental (dental implants, alveolar Bone replacement, heightening and filling agents, etc.); sensory nervous system (intraocular lens, contact lens, nerve catheter, middle ear restoration, percutaneous lead, reconstruction of hearing and vision restoration, etc.), and controlled release carriers for drugs and biologically active substances Wait.
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